Author(s): Yuvaraj Ganesha, Mohamed Hisham, Mohamed Ajmal and Mohammad Sameer Baig

Abstract: This paper presents a thorough analysis of the techniques for fault localization, classification, and detection in three-phase transmission lines and distribution systems. Although the three subjects are closely connected, the writers make an effort to describe them independently so that readers will have a clearer comprehension of the ideas without confusion. One of the most extensively used engineering structures for moving large amounts of power from one part of a nation to the other is a system of transmission lines. The lines are more susceptible to various atmospheric disasters because of their proliferation over various topographies and geographic areas, which more frequently results in line faults. The defective line must be removed as soon as possible in order to prevent excessive bulk power loss through the faulty point and to quickly restore system stability, which will allow regular power flow operation to continue. Researchers have developed a number of approaches for creating enhanced power system protection algorithms that might be used to instantly fix defects when they occurred. This article includes a succinct but thorough analysis of the many strategies used by several researchers to create efficient fault diagnostic systems, highlighting both the benefits and drawbacks of each method. This succinct and thorough literature review will aid researchers in selecting the best methods for various transmission line fault investigation goals.

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